Organic Devices: Fabrication, Applications, and Challenges

The low cost of organic starting materials and ease of their fabrication processes have propelled the development of various organic devices and have also generated a considerable research interest in the scientific community. These devices make use of organic materials in the form of dielectrics, conductive polymers, or small organic molecules deposited mainly on flexible substrates to bring about the advantages of stretchability and moldability. Focussed and dedicated R&D activities conducted in this field during the last few decades have led to the development of novel and efficient organic devices that hold tremendous promise of a highly optimistic future. This review provides an insight into the area of organic devices with a particular emphasis on organic light emitting diodes, organic field effect transistors, organic solar cells, and organic thermoelectric devices. It presents a comprehensive survey that includes important milestones, fabrication processes, and applications of these devices. New materials and processes that enabled the recent technological advancements have been highlighted and discussed for each device category. The current challenges of the field are also discussed with a glance at the future prospects and directions for this emerging field.