Freezing process of ferrofluid droplets: Numerical and scaling analyses

Direct numerical simulations, using the lattice Boltzmann method, and scaling analyses present the underlying physics for the freezing process of ferrofluid droplets under magnetic squeeze and lift conditions. The effects of magnetization and volume expansion upon freezing on the shape profile of droplets are included in the numerical models. The morphology evolution of ferrofluid droplets and its influences on the droplet freezing time are presented.