Management Practices Across Firms and Countries

业务 激励 跨国公司 股东 新兴市场 劳动经济学 财务 公司治理 经济 市场经济
作者
Nicholas Bloom,Christos Genakos,Raffaella Sadun,John Van Reenen
出处
期刊:Academy of Management Perspectives [Academy of Management]
卷期号:26 (1): 12-33 被引量:443
标识
DOI:10.5465/amp.2011.0077
摘要

Executive Overview For the past decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on more than 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing American, Japanese, and German firms are the best managed. Firms in developing countries, such as Brazil, China, and India, tend to be poorly managed. American retail firms and hospitals are also well managed by international standards, although American schools are worse managed than those in several other developed countries. We also find substantial variation in management practices across organizations in every country and every sector, mirroring the wide spread of productivity and profitability within industries. One factor linked to this variation is ownership. Government and founder-owned firms are usually poorly managed, while multinational, dispersed shareholder, and private-equity-owned firms are typically well managed. Family-owned firms are badly managed if run by family members compared with similar family-owned firms run by external CEOs. Stronger product market competition and higher worker skills are associated with better management practices. Less regulated labor markets are associated with improvements in incentive management practices such as performance-based promotion.
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