Texture Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Assessment for Performance in Predicting Histopathologic Grade

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of texture analysis for discriminating the histopathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging data from 101 patients with HCC, including T2-weighted imaging, arterial phase, and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, were analyzed using texture analysis software (TexRAD). Differences among the histological groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The performance of texture features was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Entropy was the most significantly relevant texture feature for distinguishing each histological grade group of HCC ( P < 0.05). In ROC analysis, entropy with spatial scale filter 3 (area under curve the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.778), mean with coarse filter (spatial scale filter 5; AUC, 0.670), and skewness without filtration (AUC, 0.760) had the highest AUC value on T2-weighted imaging, arterial phase, and apparent diffusion coefficient maps, respectively. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis demonstrated potential for predicting the histopathological grade of HCCs.