Transfer Entropy in Neuroscience

Information transfer is a key component of information processing, next to information storage and modification. Information transfer can be measured by a variety of directed informationmeasures of which transfer entropy is themost popular, andmost principled one. This chapter presents the basic concepts behind transfer entropy in an intuitive fashion, including graphical depictions of the key concepts. It also includes a special section devoted to the correct interpretation of the measure, especially with respect to concepts of causality. The chapter also provides an overview of estimation techniques for transfer entropy and pointers to popular open source toolboxes. It also introduces recent extensions of transfer entropy that serve to estimate delays involved in information transfer in a network. By touching upon alternative measures of information transfer, such as Massey's directed information transfer and Runge's momentary information transfer, it may serve as a frame of reference for more specialised treatments and as an overview over the field of studies in information transfer in general.