医学
内科学
心脏病学
肺病
运输机
疾病
基因
化学
生物化学
作者
Dimitrios Patoulias,Christodoulos Papadopoulos,Nikolaos Fragakis,Asterios Karagiannis,Michael Doumas
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.003
摘要
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appears to be an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular co-morbidities, such as coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF).1 It should be highlighted that patients with both COPD and HF seem to have a significantly increased risk for readmission owing to HF and all-cause mortality.2 Thus, it is of utmost importance to decrease morbidity and mortality in subjects with coexisting COPD and cardiovascular disease.3
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