Impact of Deep Learning Reconstruction Combined With a Sharpening Filter on Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Uterus

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of deep learning (DL) reconstruction and a postprocessing sharpening filter on the image quality of single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) of the uterus. Materials and Methods Fifty consecutive patients who underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging were included. Parasagittal T2WI with a slice thickness of 4 mm was obtained with the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) and SSFSE sequences (mean scan time, 204 and 22 seconds, respectively). The following 3 types of SSFSE images were reconstructed, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tissue contrast were assessed: conventional reconstruction (SSFSE-C), DL reconstruction (SSFSE-DL), and DL with a sharpening filter (SSFSE-DLF). Three radiologists independently assessed image quality, and area under the visual grading characteristics curve (AUC VGC ) analysis was performed to compare the SSFSE and PROPELLER images. Results Compared with that of the PROPELLER images, the SNR of the SSFSE-C, SSFSE-DL, and SSFSE-DLF images was significantly lower ( P < 0.05), significantly higher ( P < 0.05), and equivalent, respectively. The SSFSE-DL images exhibited significantly lower contrast between the junctional zone and myometrium than those obtained with the other sequences ( P < 0.05). In qualitative comparisons with the PROPELLER images, all 3 SSFSE sequences, SSFSE-DL, and SSFSE-DLF demonstrated significantly higher scores for artifacts, noise, and sharpness, respectively ( P < 0.01). The overall image quality of SSFSE-C (mean AUC VGC , 0.03; P < 0.01) and SSFSE-DL (mean AUC VGC , 0.23; P < 0.01) was rated as significantly inferior, whereas that of SSFSE-DLF (mean AUC VGC , 0.69) was equivalent or significantly higher ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Using a combination of DL and a sharpening filter markedly increases the image quality of SSFSE of the uterus to the level of the PROPELLER sequence.