Joint Analysis of EEG and Other Simultaneously Recorded Brain Functional Neuroimaging Modalities

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a functional brain screening modality with good temporal resolution and poor spatial resolution. Conversely, the records of brain activity from over the scalp seriously suffer from nonlinearity of the head tissues in terms of conductivity. This chapter reviews the literature and describes the state of the art in new signal-processing methods for functional magnetic resonance imaging artefact removal from EEG signals and jointly analysis of these two modalities. It explains the concept of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) together with its applications jointly with EEG and presents some examples of joint EEG–magnetoence-philography (MEG). Continuous brain monitoring enabled by fNIRS allows examination of a disease vulnerable to neurodegeneration or increases in severity over time. Despite the advantages and applications, fNIRS is an emerging technology that requires more cross-validation efforts with other more established functional neuroimaging modalities. MEG is the measurement of magnetic field generated by the electrical activity of neurons.