Antimicrobial Properties of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Why Size Matters

抗菌剂 石墨烯 超声 纳米技术 材料科学 氧化物 涂层 化学 纳米材料 化学工程 有机化学 色谱法 工程类
作者
François Perreault,Andréia Fonseca de Faria,Siamak Nejati,Menachem Elimelech
出处
期刊:ACS Nano [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:9 (7): 7226-7236 被引量:845
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.5b02067
摘要

Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material for the development of antimicrobial surfaces due to its contact-based antimicrobial activity. However, the relationship between GO physicochemical properties and its antimicrobial activity has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the size-dependency of GO antimicrobial activity using the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. GO suspensions of average sheet area ranging from 0.01 to 0.65 μm2 were produced and their antimicrobial activity evaluated in cell suspensions or as a model GO surface coating. The antimicrobial activity of GO surface coatings increased 4-fold when GO sheet area decreased from 0.65 to 0.01 μm2. The higher antimicrobial effect of smaller GO sheets is attributed to oxidative mechanisms associated with the higher defect density of smaller sheets. In contrast, in suspension assays, GO interacted with bacteria in a cell entrapment mechanism; in this case, the antimicrobial effect of GO increased with increasing sheet area, with apparent complete inactivation observed for the 0.65 μm2 sheets after a 3 h exposure. However, cell inactivation by GO entrapment was reversible and all initially viable cells could be recovered when separated from GO sheets by sonication. These findings provide useful guidelines for future development of graphene-based antimicrobial surface coatings, where smaller sheet sizes can increase the antimicrobial activity of the material. Our study further emphasizes the importance of an accurate assessment of the antimicrobial effect of nanomaterials when used for antimicrobial surface design.
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