ForestTemp – Sub‐canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests

小气候 天蓬 环境科学 大气科学 树冠 气候变化 平均辐射温度 空气温度 自然地理学 生态学 地理 地质学 生物
作者
Stef Haesen,Jonas J. Lembrechts,Pieter De Frenne,Jonathan Lenoir,Juha Aalto,Michael B. Ashcroft,Martin Kopecký,Miska Luoto,Ilya M. D. Maclean,Ivan Nijs,Pekka Niittynen,Johan van den Hoogen,Nicola Arriga,J Bruna,Nina Buchmann,Marek Čiliak,Alessio Collalti,Emiel De Lombaerde,Patrice Descombes,Mana Gharun,Ignacio Goded,Sanne Govaert,Caroline Greiser,Achim Grelle,Carsten Gruening,Lucia Hederová,Kristoffer Hylander,Jüergen Kreyling,Bart Kruijt,Martin Macek,Frantíšek Máliš,Matěj Man,Giovanni Manca,Radim Matula,Camille Meeussen,Sonia Merinero,Stefano Minerbi,Leonardo Montagnani,Lena Muffler,Romà Ogaya,Josep Peñuelas,Roman Plichta,Miguel Portillo‐Estrada,Jonas Schmeddes,Ankit Shekhar,Fabien Spicher,Mariana Ujházyová,Pieter Vangansbeke,Robert Weigel,Jan Wild,Florian Zellweger,Koenraad Van Meerbeek
出处
期刊:Global Change Biology [Wiley]
卷期号:27 (23): 6307-6319 被引量:101
标识
DOI:10.1111/gcb.15892
摘要

Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based on standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) temperature grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological and ecological processes. To improve the assessment of climatic conditions and climate-change-related impacts on forest-floor biodiversity and functioning, high-resolution temperature grids reflecting forest microclimates are thus urgently needed. Combining more than 1200 time series of in situ near-surface forest temperature with topographical, biological and macroclimatic variables in a machine learning model, we predicted the mean monthly offset between sub-canopy temperature at 15 cm above the surface and free-air temperature over the period 2000-2020 at a spatial resolution of 25 m across Europe. This offset was used to evaluate the difference between microclimate and macroclimate across space and seasons and finally enabled us to calculate mean annual and monthly temperatures for European forest understories. We found that sub-canopy air temperatures differ substantially from free-air temperatures, being on average 2.1°C (standard deviation ± 1.6°C) lower in summer and 2.0°C higher (±0.7°C) in winter across Europe. Additionally, our high-resolution maps expose considerable microclimatic variation within landscapes, not captured by the gridded macroclimatic products. The provided forest sub-canopy temperature maps will enable future research to model below-canopy biological processes and patterns, as well as species distributions more accurately.
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