Public perception of nanotechnology: A contrast between developed and developing countries

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has many proven applications and holds potential in many sectors. At the same time, the general public's lack of awareness about nanotechnology might polarize risk perception about this technology. Public discourse and upstream engagement are necessary for policymaking and responsible development of any emerging technology. While emerging countries have now joined the discussion on the public perception of emerging technologies just like the developed countries, yet there has been no review comparing the nanotechnology perception among developing and developed nations. This article presents a systematic review of factors influencing public perception and their attitude towards nanotechnology in developed and developing countries based on research papers published during 2001–2020. We have provided an in-depth comparative account of developed and developing countries in terms of factors affecting public perception of nanotechnology, namely –risk-benefit, knowledge, trust in science, religiosity, and demographics. In addition, we have also provided a contrast on how media representation of nanotechnology (newspaper coverage and social media) varies in developing countries compared to developed nations. • Several interdependent factors can polarize the risk-benefit perception of nanotechnology. • The public generally has a positive attitude towards nanotechnology in developed and developing countries. • Demographics does not present a consistent picture of the public attitude about nanotechnology. • Public opinion is influenced by cultural and religiosity, trust in science, and media representation.