Probability mapping based artifact detection and removal from single-channel EEG signals for brain–computer interface applications

Different types of artifacts in the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can considerably reduce the performance of the later-stage EEG analysis algorithms for making decisions, such as those for brain–computer interfacing (BCI) classification. In this paper, we address the problem of artifact detection and removal from single-channel EEG signals. We propose a novel approach that maps the probability of an EEG epoch to be artifactual based on four different statistical measures: entropy (a measure of uncertainty), kurtosis (a measure of peakedness), skewness (a measure of asymmetry), and periodic waveform index (a measure of periodicity). Then, a stationary wavelet transform based artifact removal is proposed that employs a particular probability threshold provided by the user. We have executed our experiments with both synthetic and real EEG data. It is observed that the proposed method exhibits a superior performance for suppressing the artifact contaminated from EEG with minimum distortion. Moreover, evaluation of the algorithm using EEG dataset for BCI experiments reveals that artifact removal can considerably improve the BCI output in both event-related potential and motor-imagery based BCI applications. The proposed algorithm has been applied to both real and synthesized data testing and compared with other state-of-the-art automated artifact removal methods. Its superior performance is verified in terms of various performance metrics including computational complexity for justifying its use in BCI-like real-time applications. Our work is expected to be useful for future research EEG signal processing and eventually to develop more accurate real-time EEG-based BCI applications.