Rationale: We have reported the association between various nutritional indicators such as preoperative Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) and short-term and long-term outcomes of gastrointestinal cancer surgery. In search of a simpler index, we have investigated the relationship between the preoperative cholinesterase (ChE) level and the prognosis of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). ChE has a relatively short half-life and can be easily measured. We have also reported that preoperative ChE levels correlate with preoperative PNI and CONUT in CRC. This time, we focused on stage III CRC, which requires not only surgery but also adjuvant chemotherapy, and examined the prognostic impact not only of preoperative ChE levels but also of postoperative changes.