视网膜
中央凹
生物
穆勒胶质细胞
神经科学
小胶质细胞
神经胶质
星形胶质细胞
电池类型
中央凹
视网膜
解剖
细胞
细胞生物学
中枢神经系统
祖细胞
干细胞
免疫学
炎症
生物化学
遗传学
作者
Andreas Reichenbach,Andreas Bringmann
出处
期刊:Glia
[Wiley]
日期:2019-12-03
卷期号:68 (4): 768-796
被引量:190
摘要
Abstract The human retina contains three types of glial cells: microglia and two types of macroglia, astrocytes and Müller cells. Macroglia provide homeostatic and metabolic support to photoreceptors and neurons required for neuronal activity. The fovea, the site of the sharpest vision which is astrocyte‐ and microglia‐free, contains two populations of Müller glia: cells which form the Müller cell cone in the foveola and z‐shaped Müller cells of the foveal walls. Both populations are characterized by morphological and functional differences. Müller cells of the foveola do not support the activity of photoreceptors and neurons, but provide the structural stability of the foveal tissue and improve the light transmission through the tissue to the photoreceptors. This article gives overviews of the glia of the human retina and the structure and function of both Müller cell types in the fovea, and describes the contributions of astrocytes and Müller cells to the ontogenetic development of the fovea.
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