Purification and properties of cysteine protease from rhizomes of Curcuma longa (Linn.)

BACKGROUND: Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Linn.) contains proteases and has proteolytic activity. Curcumin from turmeric rhizomes has been used for healing manu ailments, including cancer have been used for healing many ailments, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to purify turmeric protease and to research their biochemical characteristics. RESULTS: Cysteine protease from C. domestica has been purified to homogeneity using acetone precipitation followed by preparatory native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). This protocol resulted in six fold purification with 28% final recovery. The purified turmeric protease showed a prominent single peak and band on high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate–PAGE, respectively, and an estimated molecular weight of 43 KDa, and exhibited optimal activity between 37 and 60 °C. The protease activity of the turmeric protease was significantly inhibited by iodoacetic acid. The turmeric protease had higher alanine and glutamate content and cleaved synthetic peptides N-Cbz-Ile-Pro and N-Cbz-Phe-Leu in a time-dependent manner. Peptide mass fingerprint using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectroscopy revealed peptide matches to proteasome subunit alpha type 3 of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica (Rice). The turmeric protease showed antifungal activity at 10 µg mL−1 towards pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum, Trichoderma viride and Fusarium sp. CONCLUSION: Cysteine addition significantly activated turmeric protease. The protease inhibition test suggested that turmeric protease belonged to the cysteine type. The biochemical characteristics of turmeric protease described in this paper can provide useful information for potential end uses of turmeric protease for pharmaceutical industry applications such as therapeutics. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry