Effects of Macroporous Resin Size onCandidaantarcticaLipase B Adsorption, Fraction of Active Molecules, and Catalytic Activity for Polyester Synthesis

Methyl methacrylate resins with identical average pore diameter (250 Å) and surface area (500 m2/g) but with varied particle size (35 to 560−710 μm) were employed to study how immobilization resin particle size influences Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) loading, fraction of active sites, and catalytic properties for polyester synthesis. CALB adsorbed more rapidly on smaller beads. Saturation occurred in less than 30 s and 48 h for beads with diameters 35 and 560−710 μm, respectively. Linearization of adsorption isotherm data by the Scatchard analysis showed for the 35 μm resin that: (i) CALB loading at saturation was well below that required to form a monolayer and fully cover the support surface and (ii) CALB has a high affinity for this resin surface. Infrared microspectroscopy showed that CALB forms protein loading fronts for resins with particle sizes 560−710 and 120 μm. In contrast, CALB appears evenly distributed throughout 35 μm resins. By titration with p-nitrophenyl n-hexyl phosphate (MNPHP), the fraction of active CALB molecules adsorbed onto resins was <50% which was not influenced by particle size. The fraction of active CALB molecules on the 35 μm support increased from 30 to 43% as enzyme loading was increased from 0.9 to 5.7% (w/w) leading to increased activity for ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) ring-opening polymerization. At about 5% w/w CALB loading, by decreasing the immobilization support diameter from 560−710 to 120, 75, and 35 μm, conversion of ε-CL % to polyester increased (20 to 36, 42, and 61%, respectively, at 80 min). Similar trends were observed for condensation polymerizations between 1,8-octanediol and adipic acid.