The “Quasi-Uniform” Assumption in Animal and Computational Models of Non-Invasive Electrical Stimulation

Transcranial stimulation encompasses all non-invasive brain stimulation techniques where electrical current is generated or induced in the brain for experimental or therapeutic purposes using scalp electrodes or magnetic coils. Each modality (e.g. transcranial current stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy) produces a spatiotemporal pattern of electric current flow in the brain that then determines neurophysiological response.