Synthesis and Applications of Molecular Sieve Layers and Membranes

Strategies for the preparation of zeolite molecular sieve membranes and layers on different substrates are reviewed. Membranes (and continuous thin films) have been synthesized with ZSM-5 (MFI) type molecular sieves and other zeolites, either as free-standing specimens, grown on various supports according to several schemes, or embedded in polymer matrices. The membranes have been studied for molecule-selective separations and for catalytic reactions. Layers of presynthesized molecular sieves have been deposited by means of sol−gel matrixes and other bonding agents, molecular attachment layers, and via sputtering or laser ablation techniques. The resulting nanoporous layers have been applied in highly selective sensors, for the alignment of NLO chromophores and for molecular separations. Finally, oriented molecular sieve layers have been grown on self-assembled organic mono- and multilayers presenting phosphonate groups at the interface. Mixed phosphonate/alkyl films show profound effects on the surface crystallization of metallophosphate molecular sieves. MFI type zeolites have also been grown through the vapor phase on alkylammonium-modified gold substrates.