Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society

Free AccessSleep DurationRecommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society Consensus Conference Panel, Nathaniel F. Watson, MD, MSc, M. Safwan Badr, MD, Gregory Belenky, MD, Donald L. Bliwise, PhD, Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD, Daniel Buysse, MD, David F. Dinges, PhD, James Gangwisch, PhD, Michael A. Grandner, PhD, MSTR, CBSM, Clete Kushida, MD, PhD, Raman K. Malhotra, MD, Jennifer L. Martin, PhD, Sanjay R. Patel, MD, MSc, Stuart F. Quan, MD, Esra Tasali, MD Consensus Conference Panel Search for more papers by this author , Nathaniel F. Watson, MD, MSc Address correspondence to: Nathaniel F. Watson, MD, MSc; 2510 N. Frontage Road, Darien, IL 60561(630) 737-9700(630) 737-9790 E-mail Address: [email protected] University of Washington, Seattle, WA Search for more papers by this author , M. Safwan Badr, MD Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Search for more papers by this author , Gregory Belenky, MD Washington State University, Spokane, WA Search for more papers by this author , Donald L. Bliwise, PhD Emory University, Atlanta, GA Search for more papers by this author , Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Search for more papers by this author , Daniel Buysse, MD University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Search for more papers by this author , David F. Dinges, PhD University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Search for more papers by this author , James Gangwisch, PhD Columbia University, New York, NY Search for more papers by this author , Michael A. Grandner, PhD, MSTR, CBSM University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Search for more papers by this author , Clete Kushida, MD, PhD Stanford University, Stanford, CA Search for more papers by this author , Raman K. Malhotra, MD Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Search for more papers by this author , Jennifer L. Martin, PhD University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA Search for more papers by this author , Sanjay R. Patel, MD, MSc Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Search for more papers by this author , Stuart F. Quan, MD Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Search for more papers by this author , Esra Tasali, MD The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Search for more papers by this author Published Online:June 15, 2015https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4758Cited by:260SectionsAbstractPDF ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations AboutABSTRACTSleep is essential for optimal health. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS) developed a consensus recommendation for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in adults, using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method process. The recommendation is summarized here. A manuscript detailing the conference proceedings and evidence supporting the final recommendation statement will be published in SLEEP and the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.Citation:Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, Dinges DF, Gangwisch J, Grandner MA, Kushida C, Malhotra RK, Martin JL, Patel SR, Quan SF, Tasali E. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. J Clin Sleep Med 2015;11(6):591–592.CONSENSUS STATEMENTAdults should sleep 7 or more hours per night on a regular basis to promote optimal health. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a regular basis is associated with adverse health outcomes, including weight gain and obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and stroke, depression, and increased risk of death. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night is also associated with impaired immune function, increased pain, impaired performance, increased errors, and greater risk of accidents.Sleeping more than 9 hours per night on a regular basis may be appropriate for young adults, individuals recovering from sleep debt, and individuals with illnesses. For others, it is uncertain whether sleeping more than 9 hours per night is associated with health risk.People concerned they are sleeping too little or too much should consult their healthcare provider.METHODOLOGYHealthy sleep requires adequate duration, good quality, appropriate timing and regularity, and the absence of sleep disturbances or disorders. Sleep duration is the most frequently investigated sleep measure in relation to health. Furthermore, the US Department of Health and Human Services created a Sleep Health Objective to “increase the proportion of adults who get sufficient sleep” in Healthy People 2020, a federal initiative to improve the nation's health.1 Thus our recommendation focuses on this sleep parameter. A panel of 15 experts in sleep medicine and research used a modified RAND Appropriateness Method2 to develop a recommendation regarding the sleep duration, or sleep duration range, that promotes optimal health in adults aged 18 to 60 years.The expert panel reviewed published scientific evidence addressing the relationship between sleep duration and health, using a broad set of National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and no date restrictions, which resulted in a total of 5,314 scientific articles. The process was further guided by the Oxford grading system.3 The panel focused on nine health categories with the best available evidence in relation to sleep duration: general health, cardiovascular health, metabolic health, mental health, immunologic function, human performance, cancer, pain, and mortality. Consistent with the RAND Appropriateness Method, multiple rounds of evidence review, discussion, and voting were conducted to arrive at the final recommendation. The process to develop this statement was conducted over a 12-month period and concluded with a consensus meeting held in February 2015 in Chicago, Illinois.DISCUSSION & FUTURE DIRECTIONSCurrent evidence supports the general recommendation for obtaining 7 or more hours of sleep per night on a regular basis to promote optimal health among adults aged 18 to 60 years. Individual variability in sleep need is influenced by genetic, behavioral, medical, and environmental factors. A clearer understanding of the precise biological mechanisms underlying sleep need continues to require further scientific investigation.This recommendation creates a foundation to raise awareness and improve understanding of sleep effects on health. The recommendation provides a basis for: Educating the public and healthcare providers on the importance of adequate sleep duration for health.Encouraging individuals to obtain adequate sleep duration.Discussing the economic and social benefits of adequate sleep duration, thereby informing public policy.Promoting research on the role of sleep duration in health and well-being.Research that directly examines the effects of sleep duration on health may lead to revisions of this recommendation in the future.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTFunding for this project was provided by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society, and by the cooperative agreement number 1U50DP004930-01 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC.REFERENCES1 US Department of Health and Human ServicesSleep Health Objectives.; 201536Available from: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/sleep-health/objectives. Google Scholar2 Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aguilar MDet al.The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User's ManualSanta Monica, CA: RAND; 2001. Google Scholar3 OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working GroupThe Oxford Levels of Evidence 2. [cited February 9, 2015]. Available from: http://www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf. Google Scholar4 Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky Get al.Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep; 2015;38:843-4. 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