Insights into HMF catalysis

In recent decades, the concept of biorefinery has gained considerable momentum as a promising approach to obtain energy commodity chemicals. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising building blocks for biobased chemicals and a strong candidate for large scale production. However, one of the main factors holding its transition is the need for green, sustainable, and financially feasible processes. This review provides a critical assessment of the progresses made towards catalytic and autocatalytic systems used for HMF production, as well as advancements in catalyst research, their mechanisms analyses, efficiency and sustainability. It also provides key information which can facilitate the selection and development of catalysts for HMF production.