Combining extraction and purification steps in sample preparation for environmental matrices: A review of matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) applications

The search for adequate sample preparation methods is a permanent concern for the analysis of contaminants and residues analysis in environment and biological samples. Ideally, a sample preparation method must be capable to perform extraction and purification in a simultaneous way. Although several methodologies have been developed in recent years, meeting the above proposed criteria, the overall aim of our review is to discuss two sample preparation techniques and their recent trends: matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), focusing in the simultaneous extraction and clean-up steps.