Body-on-a-Chip: Regenerative Medicine for Personalized Medicine

In recent years, advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication technologies have enabled rapid growth in the areas of in vitro organoid development as well as "body-on-a-chip" platforms. These three-dimensional (3D) model systems often are able to mimic human physiology more accurately than traditional 2D cultures and animal models. In this review, we describe progress that has been made to generate organ-on-a-chip platforms and more complex, multiorganoid body-on-a-chip platforms and their applications. These systems have the potential to affect biomedical applications dramatically in the areas of drug development, drug and toxicology screening, disease modeling, and the emerging area of personalized precision medicine.