A novel design of hybrid transparent electrodes for high performance and ultra-flexible bifunctional electrochromic-supercapacitors

Abstract In this study, a simple and cost-effective method of fabricating hybrid transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) based on embedded silver nanowires (Ag NWs)/PEDOT: PSS was developed with the addition of low-temperature synthesis of Ni(OH)2 and polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) composites as a novel interlayer. The hybrid TCEs with a Ni(OH)2-PEIE interlayer exhibit remarkable volumetric capacitance of 443 F cm−3 with transparency of 86%, which is one of the highest values reported to date in the transparent supercapacitor. The fabricated bifunctional solid-state electrochromic-supercapacitor device with a transparency of 80% shows stable cyclic stability up to 10,000 charge/discharge cycles, extremely high coloration efficiency of 517 cm2 C−1 at 633 nm, and a fast switching speed (