Explaining a Policy Paradigm Shift: A Comparison of Resource Nationalism in Bolivia and Peru

ABSTRACTUsing a policy design framework based on nodality, authority, treasure and organization instruments, the article studies the resurgence of resource nationalism in Latin America as a case of policy paradigm shift. It compares the gas policies implemented by Evo Morales in Bolivia and Ollanta Humala in Peru to explain how ideas and institutions are related in this process. The findings show that policy design is a crucial test to explain how ideas actually foster institutional change, first through policy formulation by selecting and combining instruments, then through policy implementation by adjusting these instruments to new social demands and technical requirements.