Natural-Wood-Inspired Ultrastrong Anisotropic Hybrid Hydrogels Targeting Artificial Tendons or Ligaments

tests demonstrate that the reswollen hydrogels do not affect the growth and viability of the cells, nor do they cause the inflammation or rejection of the mouse tissue, implying extremely low biotoxicity and perfect histocompatibility, showcasing bright prospects for application in artificial ligaments or tendons. The strategy provided in this study can be generalized to a variety of biocompatible polymers for the fabrication of high-performance hydrogels with anisotropic structures.