Highly anions-selective polyamide nanofiltration membrane fabricated by rod-coating assisted interfacial polymerization

Conventional interfacial polymerization (IP) requires excessive amounts of reactive monomers and solvents due to the dip-coating method. Herein, we report a rod-coating assisted IP process to prepare nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The results demonstrate that a perfect PA layer can be fabricated by using low monomer dosages of PIP (0.08 g/m2) and TMC (0.016 g/m2). This can significantly reduce the consumption of monomers and organic solvents, and effectively avoid the waste of hazardous and expensive chemicals. Thanks to the fewer monomer dosages, the prepared NF membranes were much thinner and looser, which significantly improved the membrane permeability. The highest permeance of the rod-coated membranes reached 204.0 L/(m2 h MPa), which was increased by ∼251% compared to the dip-coated NF membrane. More importantly, the rod-coated membranes possessed excellent Na2SO4 rejections (>99.0%) and ultralow NaCl rejections (<14.4%). And the maximum NaCl/Na2SO4 selective efficiency reached 125.7, which was about 7 folds to that of the dip-coated NF membrane. This study suggests that the rod-coating method is highly feasible for the preparation of polyamide NF membranes with high performance. It is reasonable to expect that this rod-coating assisted IP process offers a new approach to fabricating NF membranes.