Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

The increased capabilities of generative artificial intelligence (AI) have dramatically expanded its possible use cases in medicine. We provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI use cases for clinicians, patients, clinical trial organizers, researchers, and trainees. We then discuss the many challenges—including maintaining privacy and security, improving transparency and interpretability, upholding equity, and rigorously evaluating models—that must be overcome to realize this potential, as well as the open research directions they give rise to.