Analysis of the flavor profile of chicken white soup with varying fat addition using GC–MS, GC-IMS and E-nose combined with E-tongue

The research utilized a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and E-nose to examine the impact of fat addition on the aroma profile of chicken white soup. The concentration of volatile flavor compounds in the white soup significantly increased with rising fat addition. A total of 105 volatile compounds were detected in the soup through GC-MS, and 72 by GC-IMS. Moreover, adding 2 % fat could effectively enhance the aroma of the chicken soup, and the soup exhibited the highest concentration of free amino acids (211.29 μg/mL) and nucleotides (27.55 mg/100 mL). However, the taste activity value of 5'-nucleotides was below 1, suggesting that fat addition had minimal impact on the umami taste of white soup. The study demonstrates that appropriate fat supplementation can enhance the aroma of chicken white soup and lays a theoretical groundwork for the advancement of premium-quality chicken white soup with rich aroma.