SLC7A11 in Fibrosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Prospects

Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), or xCT, is a cystine-glutamate antiporter crucial for maintaining cellular antioxidant capacity through the uptake of cystine, which is vital for glutathione synthesis. This protein plays an important role in regulating ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Fibrosis, a pathological condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue, is a health challenge because it can lead to organ dysfunction and failure. Emerging evidence links SLC7A11 to the regulation of fibrosis through its involvement in ferroptosis and other mechanisms. This review aims to explore the effects of SLC7A11 on fibrotic diseases in various organs. We will delve into both ferroptosis-dependent and -independent pathways and propose therapeutic strategies that target SLC7A11 to mitigate fibrosis, emphasizing the need for cell-type-specific interventions. This review provides a foundational understanding for the development of targeted treatments involving SLC7A11 for managing fibrotic diseases.