The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of Artemia in China

生物 中国 进化生物学 动物 渔业 生态学 地理 考古
作者
Huizhong Pang,Kaixuan Zheng,Ruikang K. Wang,Mingjuan Zheng,Yulong Zhang,Daochuan Zhang
出处
期刊:Diversity [MDPI AG]
卷期号:16 (3): 144-144 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.3390/d16030144
摘要

Artemia is a genus of halophilic zooplanktons comprising bisexual and parthenogenetic forms, which is an important model for investigating adaption to hypersaline ecosystems. The genus Artemia in China comprises four species: A. sinica, A. tibetiana, A. franciscana and A. parthenogenetica. To investigate the evolutionary relationship of bisexual and parthenogenetic Artemia in China, we analyzed the morphometrics and phylogenetics among twenty-two geographical populations in China. We found significant morphological differentiation across different species and strains of Artemia in China, which exhibited a high level of intra-population variation. We also found overlaps in morphological characteristics between populations, which may raise challenges for the classification of Artemia species using traditional morphological methods. A. franciscana, which originated from various regions in America, was generally distributed along the Chinese coastlines through multiple human introductions. Additionally, native Asian clades split into Western and Eastern Lineages during the late Miocene due to the Himalayan orogeny. Within the Western Lineage, A. tibetiana can be grouped into three taxon units: A. tibeitiana, A. sorgeloosi and A. urmiana. We also found that the distribution and genetic structure of A. sinica were influenced by climate oscillations during the Pleistocene, which might play a pivotal role in driving the formation of parthenogenetic strains in the Eastern Lineage. Overall, our study provides new insight into invertebrate evolution under geographical and climatic impacts in hypersaline environments.
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