Stimulus-responsive hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: Construction strategies, research progress and applications

Stimulus-responsive hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) can respond to specific physical or chemical stimuli by exhibiting reversible changes in structure, conductivity, color and luminescence, along with the inherent characteristics of HOFs such as simple composition, flexibility and metal-free, which together contribute to the widespread application of stimulus-responsive HOF materials in photoconductivity, chromism, fluorescence sensing, drug delivery, gas adsorption and separation. This review provides a summary of the construction strategies for stimulus-responsive HOFs, categorically reviews various stimulus-responsive HOFs based on different stimuli for the first time, briefly elucidates their applications across various fields, and concludes by emphasizing their advantages and the challenges they face.