Health-Related Quality of Life and Neuropsychological Outcome After EC-IC Bypass Revascularization in Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) have an above-average incidence of neuropsychological impairment and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression. Prevalence and correlation with preoperative imaging findings were identified in previous studies, and a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been shown. This study investigates changes in neuropsychological performance and HRQOL after revascularization. METHODS: Thirty-two adult patients with MMD (23 female, 9 male; mean age 39.1 year ±14.7) with revascularization were included in this retrospective cohort study, and their results of structured neuropsychological testing were analyzed preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Sensorimotor deficits assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were considered to be possible confounders. RESULTS: Patients with preoperatively poor test results showed improvement in various items such as psychological well-being (95% CI [0.55-2.25], P = .002), vitality (95% CI [0.23-1.68], P = .007), general health perception (95% CI [0.09-1.44], P = .014), psychoticism (95% CI [−12.24 to −4.85], P < .001), and psychomotor processing speed (95% CI [0.10-1.14], P = .010), whereas the intensity of depression fell by a mean of 6.9 points (95% CI [−10.14 to −3.61], P < .001). For patients without preoperative neuropsychological or HRQOL deterioration, preservation of these functions without relevant worsening after revascularization was observed. Significant improvement in vitality, psychological well-being, psychoticism, psychomotor processing speed, and depression were also seen in patients with unchanged National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. CONCLUSION: Chronic steno-occlusive cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with MMD not only may lead to neurological deficits but is also associated with neuropsychological impairment, reduced HRQOL, and increased depression. The results of this study show that patients with preoperative neuropsychological deterioration might benefit from revascularization surgery, whereas patients without preoperative impairment continue to remain stable postoperatively. Neuropsychological assessment should be routinely evaluated and considered a relevant variable when determining treatment for patients with MMD.