Hollow core-shell B-g-C3N4-x@Bi2S3/In2S3 dual S-scheme heterojunction photothermal nanoreactor: Boosting photothermal catalytic activity in confined space

The utilization of photothermal effects to promote chemical reactions represents an important approach for enhancing photocatalytic activity. However, the development of catalysts that can synergistically harness both light and heat remains challenging. Herein, we design a hollow core–shell B-g-C3N4-x@Bi2S3/In2S3 dual S-scheme photothermal nanoreactor by loading Bi2S3 and In2S3 particles onto nitrogen-defect-rich boron-doped g-C3N4-x (B-g-C3N4-x). The dual built-in electric fields drive the photogenerated electrons on g-C3N4-x to transfer towards Bi2S3 and In2S3 through multiple channels, enhancing the charge separation efficiency. Furthermore, the heat generated by the photothermal effect can form localized high temperature in the cavity of B-g-C3N4-x@Bi2S3/In2S3 to enhance chemical reaction kinetics within the nanoreactor. This nanoreactor coupled with dual S-scheme heterojunction and confined photothermal effect exhibits excellent performance in photocatalytic tetracycline degradation (99.5%) and H2 evolution (5067 μmol g−1 h−1). The dual-functional B-g-C3N4-x@Bi2S3/In2S3 photothermal nanoreactor may paves valuable insights for the advancement of clean energy production and environmental remediation.