Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells: A review of the present status and solutions toward commercial application

The monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) have a theoretical efficiency of more than 42%, now the record efficiency has reached 33.9%. In this review, the structure of perovskite/silicon TSCs, the antireflection layer, front transparent electrode, wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (WB-PSCs), carrier transport layers, and intermediate tunneling junction are mainly presented that influence the efficiency of TSCs. Current-matching, optical losses are analyzed to improve the performance of TSCs. In the end, to meet the commercial application, the stability, manufacturing scalability and cost-effectiveness of TSCs are analyzed. In brief, a general overview is provided on the recent advances in perovskite/silicon TSCs from materials and devices development and some personal perspectives on the future commercial application of TSCs.