Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer

Background Fear of cancer recurrence is one of the psychological distresses that seriously affects the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, the evidence for cognitive behavioral therapy on fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer is limited. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing breast cancer patients’ fear of cancer recurrence. Methods Seven databases were searched for randomized controlled studies on cognitive behavioral therapy for fear of cancer recurrence in cancer patients from the inception of the database to April 30, 2023, with no language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata MP 17. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2 was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. Results This review includes a total of 13 randomized controlled trials with 1447 breast cancer patients and survivors. When compared with controls, meta-analysis revealed that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced the fear of cancer recurrence ( g = −0.44; 95% confidence interval, −0.75 to −0.13; P < .001), whereas subgroup analysis revealed that only mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was significant. The overall risk of bias was high. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment showed a low overall quality of evidence. Conclusions Cognitive behavioral therapy may be effective in reducing fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer patients, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is particularly worthy of implementation. Implications for Practice Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy may be used as an additional strategy to help manage breast cancer patients’ fears of cancer recurrence.