Highly stable photovoltaic effects in A2+–Zr4+ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) co-doped BiFeO3 films with self-polarization

The photovoltaic responses and temperature stabilities of A 2+ –Zr 4+ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) composite doped BiFeO 3 films with self-polarization were enhanced in the R to M A phase transition.