Polybrominated diphenyl ether quinone exposure leads to ROS-driven lysosomal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are aromatic compounds that containing bromine atoms, which possess high efficiency, good thermal stability. However, PBDEs had various known toxic effects and were characterized as persistent environmental pollutants. Exposure to a quinone-type metabolite of PBDEs (PBDEQ) is linked with excess production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in our previous studies. Here, we observed that PBDEQ exposure led to ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction, which promoted canonical and non-canonical Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Further experiments demonstrated that PBDEQ exposure activated Toll-like receptors (TLRs), subsequently regulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, lysosomal damage and K+ efflux were involved in PBDEQ-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our in vivo study also illustrated that PBDEQ administration induced liver inflammation in male C57BL/6J mice. Cumulatively, our current finding provided novel insights into PBDEQ-induced pro-inflammatory responses.