Feasibility and Efficacy of Morning Light Therapy for Adults with Insomnia: A Pilot, Randomized, Open-Label, Two-Arm Study

Background and Objectives: Light therapy (LT) is used as an adjunctive treatment for sleep problems. This study evaluates the impact of LT on sleep quality and sleep-related parameters in patients with sleep disorders. Materials and Methods: We performed a pilot, randomized, open-label clinical trial. Fourteen patients aged 20-60 years with insomnia were randomized into the control and LT groups (1:1 ratio). The LT group was instructed to use a device that provides bright LT (6000 K, 380 lux, wavelength 480 nm) for at least 25 min before 09:00 a.m. for two weeks. A self-reported questionnaire was used to evaluate circadian preference, mood, and sleep-related parameters. We analyzed serum cortisol levels and clock genes' expression. Results: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), insomnia severity index(ISI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index(PSQI) were significantly improved within the LT group only after the two-week period. When comparing the two groups, only the change in ESS was significant (mean difference, control: -0.14 vs. LT: -1.43, p = 0.021) after adjusting for the baseline characteristics. There were no significant differences in serum cortisol or clock genes' expression. Conclusions: LT can improve daytime sleepiness in patients with sleep disorders; however, further well-designed studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.