Rebuttal to Correspondence on “Eutrophication and Dissolved Organic Matter Exacerbate the Diel Discrepancy of CO2 Emissions in China’s Largest Urban Lake”

InfoMetricsFiguresRef. Environmental Science & TechnologyASAPArticle This publication is free to access through this site. Learn More CiteCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore citation options ShareShare onFacebookX (Twitter)WeChatLinkedInRedditEmailJump toExpandCollapse Correspondence/RebuttalFebruary 13, 2025Rebuttal to Correspondence on "Eutrophication and Dissolved Organic Matter Exacerbate the Diel Discrepancy of CO2 Emissions in China's Largest Urban Lake"Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!Yang WangYang WangSchool of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, ChinaMore by Yang Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1625-2651Y. Jun XuY. Jun XuSchool of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United StatesCoastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United StatesMore by Y. Jun XuSiyue Li*Siyue LiSchool of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China*[email protected]More by Siyue Lihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-6819Open PDFEnvironmental Science & TechnologyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2025, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXXClick to copy citationCitation copied!https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5c00642https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c00642Published February 13, 2025 Publication History Received 13 January 2025Accepted 6 February 2025Published online 13 February 2025article-commentary© 2025 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissionsThis publication is licensed for personal use by The American Chemical Society. ACS Publications© 2025 American Chemical SocietyWe thank Mashura Shammi and Shafi Tareq for their thoughtful comments on our Article. (1) They raised a question about the seasonal variation in dissolved carbon dioxide concentration (cCO2) and flux (FCO2) found in our study over a dry season and a wet season. The main point is that the studies they cited (two river studies and one lake study conducted in the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra) showed higher cCO2 and FCO2 during the wet season, while our study showed variable cCO2 and FCO2 during the dry and wet seasons at three lake sites in central China. In their comments, however, several important differences between our study and the cited studies were ignored, which need to be pointed out and clarified.First, our study aimed to determine the seasonal effect on diel fluctuations of cCO2 and FCO2, not only the difference in their absolute values. To achieve this, we used a flux ratio of day-to-night FCO2 as an indicator. Our data showed that this ratio decreased from the cool–dry season (0.79) to the warm–wet season (0.25), indicating a strong seasonal effect on the diel dynamics of lake dissolved carbon.Second, the climate conditions between our study area (central China) and the area of the cited studies by Shammi and Tareq (the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra) are drastically different. Temperatures during the dry and wet seasons in central China are significantly lower than those in the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra, as is the amount of precipitation during the wet season. The higher temperature and higher level of precipitation during the monsoon season in the tropical lower Ganges-Brahmaputra can greatly strengthen the wet season effect on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling, compared with the climate conditions in northern subtropical central China. While we acknowledge the seasonality of cCO2 in different water bodies (e.g., lakes, reservoirs, and ponds) (2−8) that can be greatly impacted by rainfall and associated terrestrial nutrient inputs, our findings from the study on a lentic system can hardly be compared with those from the lower Ganges River that has a discharge fluctuation from several hundred cubic meters per second during the dry season to >40 000 m3/s during the wet season. Seasonality in such large rivers has been evidenced by a number of studies. (9−11) The vast difference in physical conditions between the river study cited (e.g., turbulence, channel geomorphology, etc.) and our lake study makes a comparison meaningless. It is also important to note that Tangxun Lake is situated in an urban environment with embanked shorelines, which generally can limit terrestrial carbon input into lakes and help decrease cCO2 levels in lakes. (2) Furthermore, sporadic discharge from human activities into the lake may have also clouded the seasonal pattern, as shown by the insignificant seasonal differences in SUVA254 values (1) in contrast to the non-urban lakes where SUVA254 values often exhibit significant seasonal variations. (12)Third, the lake in our study (Tangxun Lake) has an open water surface of 47.62 km2, significantly larger than those of the three lakes in the study cited by Shammi and Tareq (<0.01 km2). With such a large open water body, spatial heterogeneity is expected in lake cCO2, FCO2, and water quality parameters as affected by the ambient surrounding environments. (1) That is also why we chose to compare changes in diel cCO2 and FCO2 separately for each of the three study sites, to remove the site-specific effect that is less pronounced in smaller systems.As explained above, spatial heterogeneity in a water environment is not unexpected in such a large lake with a long shoreline and local habitats. The variability in local conditions can modify primary production and uptake of CO2 during the warm–wet season when eutrophication intensified and algal growth was stimulated. (1) A lower cCO2 during a warm–wet season has been also found in other subtropical lakes, (13−17) highlighting the role of increased primary production in regulating CO2 dynamics. The following knowledge is well-established. During the daylight hours, CO2 is consumed by photosynthesis, while during the nighttime hours, dissolved organic matter (DOM) degradation dominates, resulting in the greater night CO2 emission. Furthermore, in eutrophic lakes, enhanced phytoplankton primary production can increase the levels of both autochthonous protein-like and humic-like substances. (18,19) This finding adds more evidence, by linking DOM compositions, to explaining the distinct V-shaped relationship (the lake CO2 flux decreased with an increase in the level of chlorophyll a but increased when the level of chlorophyll a exceeded 60 μg L–1) between the net CO2 emissions and the level of chlorophyll a. (20) The threshold of 60 μg L–1 warrants further investigation to quantify the interplay between CO2 consumption and CO2 production, which is exacerbated by eutrophication and DOM. Our finding highlights how eutrophication and DOM contribute to the exacerbation of diel discrepancies in CO2 fluxes. As introduced in our Article, previous studies have found that anthropogenic activities alter the chemical compositions of DOM, which in turn can influence CO2 emission. (17,21) However, to the best of our knowledge, the relationship between DOM and CO2 emissions in urban lakes has rarely been investigated. (1) Note that here we used rarely instead of has never been reported as Shammi and Tareq misinterpreted our statement in their Correspondence.The temporal differences of FCO2 in Tangxun Lake, particularly higher nocturnal CO2 emissions and reduced overall CO2 emissions during the warm–wet season, align with the current understanding of CO2 dynamics in subtropical urban lakes. Our findings and the findings from the studies cited by Shammi and Tareq complement each other, highlighting the need to consider site-specific and regional differences in aquatic CO2 dynamics. We appreciate the comments from Shammi and Tareq and stress that urban lakes, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions, deserve special attention due to the complex and often contradictory effects of urbanization on their carbon emission.Author InformationClick to copy section linkSection link copied!Corresponding AuthorSiyue Li - School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-6819; Email: [email protected]AuthorsYang Wang - School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1625-2651Y. Jun Xu - School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United StatesNotesThe authors declare no competing financial interest.ReferencesClick to copy section linkSection link copied! This article references 21 other publications. 1Wang, Y.; Ma, B.; Xu, Y. J.; Shen, S.; Huang, X.; Wang, Y.; Ye, S.; Tian, X.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, T.; Li, S. Eutrophication and dissolved organic matter exacerbate the diel discrepancy of CO2 emissions in China's largest urban lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2024, 58 (47), 20968– 20978, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06244 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.2Yang, X.; Zhou, Y.; Yu, Z.; Li, J.; Yang, H.; Huang, C.; Jeppesen, E.; Zhou, Q. Influence of hydrological features on CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the surface water of lakes, Southwest China: A seasonal and mixing regime analysis. Water Res. 2024, 251, 121131 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121131 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.3Tang, L.; Zhang, L.; Yang, P.; Tong, C.; Yang, H.; Tan, L.; Lin, Y.; Lai, D. Y. F.; Tang, K. W. Seasonal variations in source-sink balance of CO2 in subtropical earthen aquaculture ponds: Implications for carbon emission management. Journal of Hydrology 2023, 626, 130330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130330 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.4Junger, P. C.; Dantas, F. D. C. C.; Nobre, R. L. G.; Kosten, S.; Venticinque, E. M.; Araújo, F. D. C.; Sarmento, H.; Angelini, R.; Terra, I.; Gaudêncio, A.; They, N. H.; Becker, V.; Cabral, C. R.; Quesado, L.; Carneiro, L. S.; Caliman, A.; Amado, A. M. Effects of seasonality, trophic state and landscape properties on CO2 saturation in low-latitude lakes and reservoirs. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 664, 283– 295, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.273 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.5Nydahl, A. C.; Wallin, M. B.; Weyhenmeyer, G. A. Diverse drivers of long-term pCO2 increases across thirteen boreal lakes and streams. Inland Waters 2020, 10 (3), 360– 372, DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2020.1740549 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.6Yang, R.; Xu, Z.; Liu, S.; Xu, Y. J. Daily pCO2 and CO2 flux variations in a subtropical mesotrophic shallow lake. Water Res. 2019, 153, 29– 38, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.012 Google Scholar6Daily pCO2 and CO2 flux variations in a subtropical mesotrophic shallow lakeYang, Rongjie; Xu, Zhen; Liu, Shiliang; Xu, Y. JunWater Research (2019), 153 (), 29-38CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from lakes have been proven to be an important component of the continental carbon balance, but most CO2 evasion ests. ignore daily variability of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). To discern the variability of pCO2 and its effect on CO2 outgassing estns., we conducted in-situ biweekly pCO2 measurements during daylight from Nov. 2017 to June 2018 at 7:00, 10:00, 14:00, and 17:00 Central Std. Time of the United States (CST) in a subtropical shallow lake in Louisiana, USA. Daytime pCO2 varied largely from 154 to 1698μatm with an av. of 736μatm, while daytime CO2 flux ranged from -43 to 284 mmol m2 h-1 averaging at 44 mmol m2 h-1. Significant decreases in pCO2 and CO2 fluxes from mornings to late afternoons were obsd. throughout the study period. Specifically, in morning hours av. pCO2 and CO2 fluxes were 940μatm and 83 mmol m2 h-1, resp., while in afternoon hours av. pCO2 and CO2 fluxes were only 410μatm and 6 mmol m2 h-1, resp. Relationships between pCO2 and ambient factors reveal that solar radiation, lake trophic status and water temp. play a major role in pCO2 and CO2 dynamics in lake water. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhvFWit78%253D&md5=f4146a1ec08755ad881baf11efcf9a837Zhang, Y.; Yang, P.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, G.; Zheng, Z.; Zou, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Li, S. Rainstorm and strong wind weathers largely increase greenhouse gases flux in shallow ponds. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 923, 171478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171478 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.8Li, Y.-X.; Deng, K.-K.; Lin, G.-J.; Chen, B.; Fang, F.; Guo, J.-S. Effects of physiologic activities of plankton on CO2 flux in the Three Gorges Reservoir after rainfall during algal blooms. Environmental Research 2023, 216, 114649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114649 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.9Reiman, J.; Xu, Y. Diel Variability of pCO2 and CO2 outgassing from the lower Mississippi River: Implications for riverine CO2 outgassing estimation. Water 2019, 11 (1), 43, DOI: 10.3390/w11010043 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.10Xu, Y. J.; Xu, Z. Carbon dioxide degassing and lateral dissolved carbon export during the unprecedented 2019 Mississippi river mega flood – Implications for large river carbon transport under future climate. Journal of Hydrology 2022, 614, 128650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128650 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.11Xu, Y. J.; Xu, Z.; Potter, L. Connectivity of floodplain influences riverine carbon outgassing and dissolved carbon transport. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 924, 171604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171604 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.12Kellerman, A. M.; Dittmar, T.; Kothawala, D. N.; Tranvik, L. J. Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrology. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5 (1), 3804, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4804 Google Scholar12Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrologyKellerman, Anne M.; Dittmar, Thorsten; Kothawala, Dolly N.; Tranvik, Lars J.Nature Communications (2014), 5 (), 3804CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Publishing Group) Despite the small continental coverage of lakes, they are hotspots of carbon cycling, largely due to the processing of terrestrially derived dissolved org. matter (DOM). As DOM is an amalgam of heterogeneous compds. comprising gradients of microbial and physicochem. reactivity, the factors influencing DOM processing at the mol. level and the resulting patterns in DOM compn. are not well understood. Here we show, using ultrahigh-resoln. mass spectrometry to unambiguously identify 4,032 mol. formulas in 120 lakes across Sweden, that the mol. compn. of DOM is shaped by pptn., water residence time and temp. Terrestrially derived DOM is selectively lost as residence time increases, with warmer temps. enhancing the prodn. of nitrogen-contg. compds. Using biodiversity concepts, we show that the mol. diversity of DOM, or chemodiversity, increases with DOM and nutrient concns. The obsd. mol.-level patterns indicate that terrestrially derived DOM will become more prevalent in lakes as climate gets wetter. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXitVakur7J&md5=a94d845e3fe0450f492a8e0da9943f0c13Pacheco, F. S.; Roland, F.; Downing, J. A. Eutrophication reverses whole-lake carbon budgets. Inland Waters 2014, 4 (1), 41– 48, DOI: 10.5268/IW-4.1.614 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.14Zhang, L.; He, K.; Wang, T.; Liu, C.; An, Y.; Zhong, J. Frequent algal blooms dramatically increase methane while decrease carbon dioxide in a shallow lake bay. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 312, 120061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120061 Google Scholar14Frequent algal blooms dramatically increase methane while decrease carbon dioxide in a shallow lake bayZhang, Lei; He, Kai; Wang, Tong; Liu, Cheng; An, Yanfei; Zhong, JichengEnvironmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2022), 312 (), 120061CODEN: ENPOEK; ISSN:0269-7491. (Elsevier Ltd.) Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in global greenhouse gas estns. and carbon budgets, and algal blooms are widespread owing to intensified anthropol. activities. However, little is known about greenhouse gas dynamics in freshwater experiencing frequent algal blooms. Therefore, to explore the spatial and temporal variations in methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), seasonal field investigations were performed in the Northwest Bay of Lake Chaohu (China), where there are frequent algal blooms. From the highest site in the nearshore to the pelagic zones, the CH4 concn. in water decreased by at least 80%, and this dynamic was most obvious in warm seasons when algal blooms occurred. CH4 was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the satd. concn., with the highest in spring, which makes this bay a const. source of CH4. However, unlike CH4, CO2 did not change substantially, and river mouths acted as hotspots for CO2 in most situations. The highest CO2 concn. appeared in winter and was satd., whereas at other times, CO2 was unsatd. and acted as a sink. The intensive photosynthesis of rich algae decreased the CO2 in the water and increased dissolved oxygen and pH. The increase in CH4 in the bay was attributed to the mineralization of autochthonous org. carbon. These findings suggest that frequent algal blooms will greatly absorb more CO2 from atm. and increasingly release CH4, therefore, the contribution of the bay to the lake's CH4 emissions and carbon budget will be major even though it is small. The results of this study will be the same to other shallow lakes with frequent algal bloom, making lakes a more important part of the carbon budget and greenhouse gases emission. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XitlSjsbvI&md5=9701bf523715f736ceb42c857608443a15Yang, R.; Chen, Y.; Du, J.; Pei, X.; Li, J.; Zou, Z.; Song, H. Daily variations in pCO2 and fCO2 in a subtropical urbanizing lake. Front. Earth Sci. 2022, 9, 805276, DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.805276 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.16Zhang, L.; Xu, Y. J.; Li, S. Changes in CO2 concentration and degassing of eutrophic urban lakes associated with algal growth and decline. Environmental Research 2023, 237, 117031 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117031 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.17Zhang, L.; Li, S. Anthropogenic dissolved organic matter accumulation fuels greenhouse gas diffusive emissions in urban lakes along trophic state levels. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2024, 186, 474, DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.04.026 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.18Zhou, Y.; Zhou, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, G.; Qin, B.; Jang, K.-S.; Spencer, R. G. M.; Kothawala, D. N.; Jeppesen, E.; Brookes, J. D.; Wu, F. Unraveling the role of anthropogenic and natural drivers in shaping the molecular composition and biolability of dissolved organic matter in non-pristine lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, 56 (7), 4655– 4664, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08003 Google Scholar18Unraveling the Role of Anthropogenic and Natural Drivers in Shaping the Molecular Composition and Biolability of Dissolved Organic Matter in Non-pristine LakesZhou, Yongqiang; Zhou, Lei; Zhang, Yunlin; Zhu, Guangwei; Qin, Boqiang; Jang, Kyoung-Soon; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Kothawala, Dolly N.; Jeppesen, Erik; Brookes, Justin D.; Wu, FengchangEnvironmental Science & Technology (2022), 56 (7), 4655-4664CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:1520-5851. (American Chemical Society) Lakes receive and actively process terrestrial dissolved org. matter (DOM) and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Urbanization results in elevated inputs of nonpoint-source DOM to headwater streams. Retention of water in lakes allows time for alteration and transformation of the chem. compn. of DOM by microbes and UV radiation. Yet, it remains unclear how anthropogenic and natural drivers impact the compn. and biolability of DOM in non-pristine lakes. We used optical spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry, stable isotopic measurements, and lab. bioincubations to investigate the chem. compn. and biolability of DOM across two large data sets of lakes assocd. with a large gradient of urbanization in lowland Eastern China, encompassing a total of 99 lakes. We found that increased urban land use, gross domestic products, and population d. in the catchment were assocd. with an elevated trophic level index, higher chlorophyll-a, higher bacterial abundance, and a higher amt. of org. carbon with proportionally higher contribution of aliph. and peptide-like DOM fractions, which can be highly biolabile. Catchment areas, water depth, lake area: catchment area, gross primary productivity, δ18O-H2O, and bacterial abundance, however, had comparatively little linkage with DOM compn. and biolability. Urban land use is currently intensifying in many developing countries, and our results anticipate an increase in the level of biolabile aliph. DOM from nonpoint sources and accelerated carbon cycling in lake ecosystems in such regions. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XmtFKmtr8%253D&md5=5f956b566abd6043e77122cce83ccd1619Wen, Z.; Shang, Y.; Song, K.; Liu, G.; Hou, J.; Lyu, L.; Tao, H.; Li, S.; He, C.; Shi, Q.; He, D. Composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes responds to the trophic state and phytoplankton community succession. Water Res. 2022, 224, 119073 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119073 Google Scholar19Composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes responds to the trophic state and phytoplankton community successionWen, Zhidan; Shang, Yingxin; Song, Kaishan; Liu, Ge; Hou, Junbin; Lyu, Lili; Tao, Hui; Li, Sijia; He, Chen; Shi, Quan; He, DingWater Research (2022), 224 (), 119073CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.) Dissolved org. matter (DOM), a heterogeneous mixt. of diverse compds. with different mol. wts., is crucial for the lake carbon cycle. The properties and concn. of DOM in lakes are closely related to anthropogenic activities, terrigenous input, and phytoplankton growth. Thus, the lake 's trophic state, along with the above factors, has an important effect on DOM. We detd. the DOM sources and mol. compn. in six lakes along a trophic gradient during and after phytoplankton bloom by combining optical techniques and the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). CDOM pools in eutrophic lakes may be more biol. refractory than in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes. Mol. formulas of DOM were pos. correlated with the TSI (trophic state index) value (R2 = 0.73), with the nitrogen-contg. compds. (CHON) being the most abundant formulas in all studied lakes. Eutrophication modified the mol. formulas of DOM to have less CHO% and more heteroatom S-contg. compds. (CHOS% and CHNOS%), and this was the synactic result of the anthropogenic perturbation and phytoplankton proliferation. In eutrophic lakes, summer DOM showed higher mol. lability than in autumn, which was related to the seasonal phytoplankton community succession. Although the phytoplankton-derived DOM is highly bioavailable, we detected a simpler and more fragile phytoplankton community ecosystem in autumn, which may be accompanied by a lower phytoplankton prodn. and metabolic activity. Therefore, we concluded that the lake eutrophication increased the allochthonous DOM accumulation along with sewage and nutrient input, and subsequently increased its release with phytoplankton bloom. Eutrophication and phytoplankton growth are accompanied by more highly unsatd. compds., O3S+O5S compds., and carboxylic-rich alicyclic compds. (CRAMs), which are the biotransformation product of phytoplankton-derived DOM. Eutrophication may be a potential source of refractory DOM compds. for biodegrdn. and photodegrdn. Our results can clarify the potential role of water org. matter in the future global carbon cycle processes, considering the increasing worldwide eutrophication of inland waters. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38Xitlyrur7I&md5=00c256e49407c80a22c584e80b31135720Zhang, J.; Cao, L.; Liu, Z.; Wan, L.; Cao, X.; Zhou, Y.; Song, C. Relationship between eutrophication and greenhouse gases emission in shallow freshwater lakes. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 925, 171610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171610 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.21Yuan, D.; Li, S.; Ye, C.; Liu, W.; Xu, J. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) rather than warming and eutrophication directly affects partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in mesocosm systems. Water Res. 2024, 267, 122448 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122448 Google ScholarThere is no corresponding record for this reference.Cited By Click to copy section linkSection link copied!This article has not yet been cited by other publications.Download PDFFiguresReferences Get e-AlertsGet e-AlertsEnvironmental Science & TechnologyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2025, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXXClick to copy citationCitation copied!https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c00642Published February 13, 2025 Publication History Received 13 January 2025Accepted 6 February 2025Published online 13 February 2025© 2025 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissionsArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-Learn about these metrics closeArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.Recommended Articles FiguresReferencesThis publication has no figures.References This article references 21 other publications. 1Wang, Y.; Ma, B.; Xu, Y. J.; Shen, S.; Huang, X.; Wang, Y.; Ye, S.; Tian, X.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, T.; Li, S. Eutrophication and dissolved organic matter exacerbate the diel discrepancy of CO2 emissions in China's largest urban lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2024, 58 (47), 20968– 20978, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06244 There is no corresponding record for this reference.2Yang, X.; Zhou, Y.; Yu, Z.; Li, J.; Yang, H.; Huang, C.; Jeppesen, E.; Zhou, Q. Influence of hydrological features on CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the surface water of lakes, Southwest China: A seasonal and mixing regime analysis. Water Res. 2024, 251, 121131 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121131 There is no corresponding record for this reference.3Tang, L.; Zhang, L.; Yang, P.; Tong, C.; Yang, H.; Tan, L.; Lin, Y.; Lai, D. Y. F.; Tang, K. W. Seasonal variations in source-sink balance of CO2 in subtropical earthen aquaculture ponds: Implications for carbon emission management. Journal of Hydrology 2023, 626, 130330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130330 There is no corresponding record for this reference.4Junger, P. C.; Dantas, F. D. C. C.; Nobre, R. L. G.; Kosten, S.; Venticinque, E. M.; Araújo, F. D. C.; Sarmento, H.; Angelini, R.; Terra, I.; Gaudêncio, A.; They, N. H.; Becker, V.; Cabral, C. R.; Quesado, L.; Carneiro, L. S.; Caliman, A.; Amado, A. M. Effects of seasonality, trophic state and landscape properties on CO2 saturation in low-latitude lakes and reservoirs. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 664, 283– 295, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.273 There is no corresponding record for this reference.5Nydahl, A. C.; Wallin, M. B.; Weyhenmeyer, G. A. Diverse drivers of long-term pCO2 increases across thirteen boreal lakes and streams. Inland Waters 2020, 10 (3), 360– 372, DOI: 10.1080/20442041.2020.1740549 There is no corresponding record for this reference.6Yang, R.; Xu, Z.; Liu, S.; Xu, Y. J. Daily pCO2 and CO2 flux variations in a subtropical mesotrophic shallow lake. Water Res. 2019, 153, 29– 38, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.012 6Daily pCO2 and CO2 flux variations in a subtropical mesotrophic shallow lakeYang, Rongjie; Xu, Zhen; Liu, Shiliang; Xu, Y. JunWater Research (2019), 153 (), 29-38CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from lakes have been proven to be an important component of the continental carbon balance, but most CO2 evasion ests. ignore daily variability of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). To discern the variability of pCO2 and its effect on CO2 outgassing estns., we conducted in-situ biweekly pCO2 measurements during daylight from Nov. 2017 to June 2018 at 7:00, 10:00, 14:00, and 17:00 Central Std. Time of the United States (CST) in a subtropical shallow lake in Louisiana, USA. Daytime pCO2 varied largely from 154 to 1698μatm with an av. of 736μatm, while daytime CO2 flux ranged from -43 to 284 mmol m2 h-1 averaging at 44 mmol m2 h-1. Significant decreases in pCO2 and CO2 fluxes from mornings to late afternoons were obsd. throughout the study period. Specifically, in morning hours av. pCO2 and CO2 fluxes were 940μatm and 83 mmol m2 h-1, resp., while in afternoon hours av. pCO2 and CO2 fluxes were only 410μatm and 6 mmol m2 h-1, resp. Relationships between pCO2 and ambient factors reveal that solar radiation, lake trophic status and water temp. play a major role in pCO2 and CO2 dynamics in lake water. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhvFWit78%253D&md5=f4146a1ec08755ad881baf11efcf9a837Zhang, Y.; Yang, P.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, G.; Zheng, Z.; Zou, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Li, S. Rainstorm and strong wind weathers largely increase greenhouse gases flux in shallow ponds. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 923, 171478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171478 There is no corresponding record for this reference.8Li, Y.-X.; Deng, K.-K.; Lin, G.-J.; Chen, B.; Fang, F.; Guo, J.-S. Effects of physiologic activities of plankton on CO2 flux in the Three Gorges Reservoir after rainfall during algal blooms. Environmental Research 2023, 216, 114649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114649 There is no corresponding record for this reference.9Reiman, J.; Xu, Y. Diel Variability of pCO2 and CO2 outgassing from the lower Mississippi River: Implications for riverine CO2 outgassing estimation. Water 2019, 11 (1), 43, DOI: 10.3390/w11010043 There is no corresponding record for this reference.10Xu, Y. J.; Xu, Z. Carbon dioxide degassing and lateral dissolved carbon export during the unprecedented 2019 Mississippi river mega flood – Implications for large river carbon transport under future climate. Journal of Hydrology 2022, 614, 128650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128650 There is no corresponding record for this reference.11Xu, Y. J.; Xu, Z.; Potter, L. Connectivity of floodplain influences riverine carbon outgassing and dissolved carbon transport. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 924, 171604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171604 There is no corresponding record for this reference.12Kellerman, A. M.; Dittmar, T.; Kothawala, D. N.; Tranvik, L. J. Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrology. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5 (1), 3804, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4804 12Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrologyKellerman, Anne M.; Dittmar, Thorsten; Kothawala, Dolly N.; Tranvik, Lars J.Nature Communications (2014), 5 (), 3804CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Publishing Group) Despite the small continental coverage of lakes, they are hotspots of carbon cycling, largely due to the processing of terrestrially derived dissolved org. matter (DOM). As DOM is an amalgam of heterogeneous compds. comprising gradients of microbial and physicochem. reactivity, the factors influencing DOM processing at the mol. level and the resulting patterns in DOM compn. are not well understood. Here we show, using ultrahigh-resoln. mass spectrometry to unambiguously identify 4,032 mol. formulas in 120 lakes across Sweden, that the mol. compn. of DOM is shaped by pptn., water residence time and temp. Terrestrially derived DOM is selectively lost as residence time increases, with warmer temps. enhancing the prodn. of nitrogen-contg. compds. Using biodiversity concepts, we show that the mol. diversity of DOM, or chemodiversity, increases with DOM and nutrient concns. The obsd. mol.-level patterns indicate that terrestrially derived DOM will become more prevalent in lakes as climate gets wetter. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXitVakur7J&md5=a94d845e3fe0450f492a8e0da9943f0c13Pacheco, F. S.; Roland, F.; Downing, J. A. Eutrophication reverses whole-lake carbon budgets. Inland Waters 2014, 4 (1), 41– 48, DOI: 10.5268/IW-4.1.614 There is no corresponding record for this reference.14Zhang, L.; He, K.; Wang, T.; Liu, C.; An, Y.; Zhong, J. Frequent algal blooms dramatically increase methane while decrease carbon dioxide in a shallow lake bay. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 312, 120061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120061 14Frequent algal blooms dramatically increase methane while decrease carbon dioxide in a shallow lake bayZhang, Lei; He, Kai; Wang, Tong; Liu, Cheng; An, Yanfei; Zhong, JichengEnvironmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2022), 312 (), 120061CODEN: ENPOEK; ISSN:0269-7491. (Elsevier Ltd.) Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in global greenhouse gas estns. and carbon budgets, and algal blooms are widespread owing to intensified anthropol. activities. However, little is known about greenhouse gas dynamics in freshwater experiencing frequent algal blooms. Therefore, to explore the spatial and temporal variations in methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), seasonal field investigations were performed in the Northwest Bay of Lake Chaohu (China), where there are frequent algal blooms. From the highest site in the nearshore to the pelagic zones, the CH4 concn. in water decreased by at least 80%, and this dynamic was most obvious in warm seasons when algal blooms occurred. CH4 was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the satd. concn., with the highest in spring, which makes this bay a const. source of CH4. However, unlike CH4, CO2 did not change substantially, and river mouths acted as hotspots for CO2 in most situations. The highest CO2 concn. appeared in winter and was satd., whereas at other times, CO2 was unsatd. and acted as a sink. The intensive photosynthesis of rich algae decreased the CO2 in the water and increased dissolved oxygen and pH. The increase in CH4 in the bay was attributed to the mineralization of autochthonous org. carbon. These findings suggest that frequent algal blooms will greatly absorb more CO2 from atm. and increasingly release CH4, therefore, the contribution of the bay to the lake's CH4 emissions and carbon budget will be major even though it is small. The results of this study will be the same to other shallow lakes with frequent algal bloom, making lakes a more important part of the carbon budget and greenhouse gases emission. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XitlSjsbvI&md5=9701bf523715f736ceb42c857608443a15Yang, R.; Chen, Y.; Du, J.; Pei, X.; Li, J.; Zou, Z.; Song, H. Daily variations in pCO2 and fCO2 in a subtropical urbanizing lake. Front. Earth Sci. 2022, 9, 805276, DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.805276 There is no corresponding record for this reference.16Zhang, L.; Xu, Y. J.; Li, S. Changes in CO2 concentration and degassing of eutrophic urban lakes associated with algal growth and decline. Environmental Research 2023, 237, 117031 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117031 There is no corresponding record for this reference.17Zhang, L.; Li, S. Anthropogenic dissolved organic matter accumulation fuels greenhouse gas diffusive emissions in urban lakes along trophic state levels. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2024, 186, 474, DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.04.026 There is no corresponding record for this reference.18Zhou, Y.; Zhou, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, G.; Qin, B.; Jang, K.-S.; Spencer, R. G. M.; Kothawala, D. N.; Jeppesen, E.; Brookes, J. D.; Wu, F. Unraveling the role of anthropogenic and natural drivers in shaping the molecular composition and biolability of dissolved organic matter in non-pristine lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, 56 (7), 4655– 4664, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08003 18Unraveling the Role of Anthropogenic and Natural Drivers in Shaping the Molecular Composition and Biolability of Dissolved Organic Matter in Non-pristine LakesZhou, Yongqiang; Zhou, Lei; Zhang, Yunlin; Zhu, Guangwei; Qin, Boqiang; Jang, Kyoung-Soon; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Kothawala, Dolly N.; Jeppesen, Erik; Brookes, Justin D.; Wu, FengchangEnvironmental Science & Technology (2022), 56 (7), 4655-4664CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:1520-5851. (American Chemical Society) Lakes receive and actively process terrestrial dissolved org. matter (DOM) and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Urbanization results in elevated inputs of nonpoint-source DOM to headwater streams. Retention of water in lakes allows time for alteration and transformation of the chem. compn. of DOM by microbes and UV radiation. Yet, it remains unclear how anthropogenic and natural drivers impact the compn. and biolability of DOM in non-pristine lakes. We used optical spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry, stable isotopic measurements, and lab. bioincubations to investigate the chem. compn. and biolability of DOM across two large data sets of lakes assocd. with a large gradient of urbanization in lowland Eastern China, encompassing a total of 99 lakes. We found that increased urban land use, gross domestic products, and population d. in the catchment were assocd. with an elevated trophic level index, higher chlorophyll-a, higher bacterial abundance, and a higher amt. of org. carbon with proportionally higher contribution of aliph. and peptide-like DOM fractions, which can be highly biolabile. Catchment areas, water depth, lake area: catchment area, gross primary productivity, δ18O-H2O, and bacterial abundance, however, had comparatively little linkage with DOM compn. and biolability. Urban land use is currently intensifying in many developing countries, and our results anticipate an increase in the level of biolabile aliph. DOM from nonpoint sources and accelerated carbon cycling in lake ecosystems in such regions. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XmtFKmtr8%253D&md5=5f956b566abd6043e77122cce83ccd1619Wen, Z.; Shang, Y.; Song, K.; Liu, G.; Hou, J.; Lyu, L.; Tao, H.; Li, S.; He, C.; Shi, Q.; He, D. Composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes responds to the trophic state and phytoplankton community succession. Water Res. 2022, 224, 119073 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119073 19Composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes responds to the trophic state and phytoplankton community successionWen, Zhidan; Shang, Yingxin; Song, Kaishan; Liu, Ge; Hou, Junbin; Lyu, Lili; Tao, Hui; Li, Sijia; He, Chen; Shi, Quan; He, DingWater Research (2022), 224 (), 119073CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.) Dissolved org. matter (DOM), a heterogeneous mixt. of diverse compds. with different mol. wts., is crucial for the lake carbon cycle. The properties and concn. of DOM in lakes are closely related to anthropogenic activities, terrigenous input, and phytoplankton growth. Thus, the lake 's trophic state, along with the above factors, has an important effect on DOM. We detd. the DOM sources and mol. compn. in six lakes along a trophic gradient during and after phytoplankton bloom by combining optical techniques and the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). CDOM pools in eutrophic lakes may be more biol. refractory than in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes. Mol. formulas of DOM were pos. correlated with the TSI (trophic state index) value (R2 = 0.73), with the nitrogen-contg. compds. (CHON) being the most abundant formulas in all studied lakes. Eutrophication modified the mol. formulas of DOM to have less CHO% and more heteroatom S-contg. compds. (CHOS% and CHNOS%), and this was the synactic result of the anthropogenic perturbation and phytoplankton proliferation. In eutrophic lakes, summer DOM showed higher mol. lability than in autumn, which was related to the seasonal phytoplankton community succession. Although the phytoplankton-derived DOM is highly bioavailable, we detected a simpler and more fragile phytoplankton community ecosystem in autumn, which may be accompanied by a lower phytoplankton prodn. and metabolic activity. Therefore, we concluded that the lake eutrophication increased the allochthonous DOM accumulation along with sewage and nutrient input, and subsequently increased its release with phytoplankton bloom. Eutrophication and phytoplankton growth are accompanied by more highly unsatd. compds., O3S+O5S compds., and carboxylic-rich alicyclic compds. (CRAMs), which are the biotransformation product of phytoplankton-derived DOM. Eutrophication may be a potential source of refractory DOM compds. for biodegrdn. and photodegrdn. Our results can clarify the potential role of water org. matter in the future global carbon cycle processes, considering the increasing worldwide eutrophication of inland waters. >> More from SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38Xitlyrur7I&md5=00c256e49407c80a22c584e80b31135720Zhang, J.; Cao, L.; Liu, Z.; Wan, L.; Cao, X.; Zhou, Y.; Song, C. Relationship between eutrophication and greenhouse gases emission in shallow freshwater lakes. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 925, 171610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171610 There is no corresponding record for this reference.21Yuan, D.; Li, S.; Ye, C.; Liu, W.; Xu, J. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) rather than warming and eutrophication directly affects partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in mesocosm systems. Water Res. 2024, 267, 122448 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122448 There is no corresponding record for this reference.