Review on Redox-Active Organic Compounds for All-Organic Batteries

Secondary battery systems using organic materials as cathodes and anodes have drawn increasing attention for the mitigated limitation of traditional inorganic transition metal oxide electrodes. However, due to the increasing demand for the integration of sustainable components into electrochemical energy storage devices and the safety hazard problems, the increasing cost gives impetus to exploit advanced battery systems. All-organic batteries (AOBs), in which both cathodes and anodes are organic compounds, are one of the most promising candidates to meet the low-cost requirements, high convenience, and intrinsic safety for further energy storage systems. In this Review, we summarize the fundamental requirements of electrode matching and existing challenges facing AOBs, briefly introduce representative positive and negative electrode materials utilized in AOBs, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various types of electrode materials. Hence, we hope that this Review will stimulate increased interest in AOBs and provide direction on the potential commercialization value.