Taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal features for identification of some Ficus species

Morphological similarities among plant genera and species pose challenges in accurate identification, but leaf epidermis, with its diverse anatomical characteristics, serves as a valuable tool for differentiation. The study focused on the taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal features for the identification of various Ficus species. Leaves from different taxa were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol, and their epidermis carefully peeled off for microscopic examination. The staining process with safranin enhanced the visibility of various features. The observed anatomical characteristics included epidermal cell area, guard cell shape, stomatal size, stomatal shape, stomatal types, stomatal density, subsidiary cell shape, and types of trichomes. Significant variations were found in epidermal cell area, stomatal size, and stomatal density, etc. Clustering analysis categorized the species into four distinct groups, revealing associations and commonalities. Stomatal characteristics, subsidiary cell shapes, and trichomes presence are documented, which provide a detailed characterization. Positive and negative parameter-to-parameter correlations offered insights into trait interactions. The findings of this study contribute valuable information for the taxonomic identification of Ficus species, emphasizing the importance of leaf epidermal features in distinguishing among closely related taxa. This research enhances our understanding of plant diversity and provides a practical approach for accurate plant identification based on microscopic observations of leaf epidermal characteristics.