Prospect and challenges of producing carbon black from oil palm biomass: A review

Carbon black is still produced from fossil fuels such as feedstock and fuel. This paper discusses the potential and challenges of carbon black manufacturing from 100 % renewable sources. The novel routes in carbon black production from oil palm biomass, including the preparation, were proposed. Extensive quantities of oil palm biomass, possessing significant potential as a viable feedstock and fuel for carbon black production, were assessed. Palm kernel shells and oil palm fronds emerge as the most potential candidates for conversion into feedstock and fuel through pyrolysis and gasification. A comparison of the need for pyrolysis oil and syngas to fossil fuel is discussed. Challenges, recommendations and future works for carbon black production have been proposed to promote the routes. The clear directions for producing carbon black using furnace and plasma method were raised. This review can serve as a reference for producing carbon black with fully renewable raw materials.