Reactivity of Basaltic Minerals for CO2 Sequestration via In Situ Mineralization: A Review

The underground storage of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in basalt presents an exceptionally promising solution for the effective and permanent sequestration of CO2. This is primarily attributed to its geochemistry and the remarkable presence of reactive basaltic minerals, which play a pivotal role in facilitating the process. However, a significant knowledge gap persists in the current literature regarding comprehensive investigations on the reactivity of basaltic minerals in the context of CO2 sequestration, particularly with respect to different basalt types. To address this gap, a comprehensive investigation was conducted that considered seven distinct types of basalts identified through the use of a TAS (total alkali–silica) diagram. Through a thorough review of the existing literature, seven key factors affecting the reactivity of basaltic minerals were selected, and their impact on mineral reactivity for each basalt type was examined in detail. Based on this analysis, an M.H. reactivity scale was introduced, which establishes a relationship between the reactivity of dominant and reactive minerals in basalt and their potential for carbonation, ranging from low (1) to high (5). The study will help in choosing the most suitable type of basalt for the most promising CO2 sequestration based on the percentage of reactive minerals. Additionally, this study identified gaps in the literature pertaining to enhancing the reactivity of basalt for maximizing its CO2 sequestration potential. As a result, this study serves as an important benchmark for policymakers and researchers seeking to further explore and improve CO2 sequestration in basaltic formations.