Four-section approach of fetal congenital heart disease at 11–13+6 weeks

Objective The objective of the study is to explore the value of the four-section approach in detecting fetal heart defects in the first trimester (11–13 +6 weeks), analyze the reasons for the inconsistency between the results of ultrasound examination in the first trimester and subsequent verification, and describe the most common abnormal flow patterns of four sections. Materials and methods Between June 2019 and June 2021, a prenatal four-section approach (upper abdominal transverse section, four-chamber section, three vessel–trachea section, and bilateral subclavian artery section) with verification results in early pregnancy was analyzed. Results In total, 9,533 fetuses were included. Finally, 176 fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD), containing 34 types, were identified. The total detection rate of cardiac abnormalities was 1.85%. 102 cases were accurately diagnosed by ultrasonography during early pregnancy. A total of 74 fetuses who had inconsistent results between fetal cardiac ultrasound and verification in early pregnancy were reported, of which the cases of 22 fetuses were inconsistent due to disease evolution and progression and the cases of 52 fetuses were inconsistent due to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the four-section approach were 67.05%, 99.96%, 96.58%, and 99.33%, respectively. In this study, a total of 30 abnormal ultrasonic imaging patterns in four sections were summarized. Conclusion We confirmed that the four-section approach in early pregnancy has a good diagnostic efficacy for fetal CHD. Intrauterine evolution of the fetal heart, missed diagnosis, and misdiagnosis are the reasons for the inconsistency between the results of early pregnancy ultrasound and subsequent verification. This study also presents the abnormal imaging patterns of four scan sections of CHD in early pregnancy, which are instructive for the rapid identification and diagnosis of CHD in the first trimester.