Environment-friendly fluoride-free membranes from plasma-activated hydrophilic PES and alkylsilanes applied in MD: grafting optimization, surface properties, and performance

Optimized plasma treatments and alkyl grafting-induced hydrophobization of PES membranes for MD. Covalent bonds between alkylsilane and PES. Oxygen atmosphere after plasma results in higher WCA. The higher the grafting layer, the higher the WCA is.