Architecting DDR5 DRAM caches for non-volatile memory systems

With the release of Intel's Optane DIMM, Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) are emerging as viable alternatives to DRAM memories because of the advantage of higher capacity. However, the higher latency and lower bandwidth of Optane prevent it from outright replacing DRAM. A prevailing strategy is to employ existing DRAM as a data cache for Optane, thereby achieving overall benefit in capacity, bandwidth, and latency.