Advances of Blood Coagulation Factor XIII in Bone Healing

The biologic process of bone healing is complicated, involving a variety of cells, cytokines, and growth factors. As a result of bone damage, the activation of a clotting cascade leads to hematoma with a high osteogenic potential in the initial stages of healing. A major factor involved in this course of events is clotting factor XIII (FXIII), which can regulate bone defect repair in different ways during various stages of healing. Autografts and allografts often have defects in clinical practice, making the development of advanced materials that support bone regeneration a critical requirement. Few studies, however, have examined the promotion of bone healing by FXIII in combination with biomaterials, in particular, its effect on blood coagulation and osteogenesis. Therefore, we mainly summarized the role of FXIII in promoting bone regeneration by regulating the extracellular matrix and type I collagen, bone-related cells, angiogenesis, and platelets, and described the research progress of FXIII = related biomaterials on osteogenesis. This review provides a reference for investigators to explore the mechanism by which FXIII promotes bone healing and the combination of FXIII with biomaterials to achieve targeted bone tissue repair. This article reviews factor XIII (FXIII) in the promotion of bone regeneration through the regulation of the extracellular matrix and type I collagen, bone-associated cells, angiogenesis, and platelets. And the future direction of bone healing and repair is being explored based on advances in FXIII research in immunology. Furthermore, advances in FXIII in the biomaterial field and its remarkable effects on bone defect repair and regeneration are also described. This article provides an insight for researchers to understand the mechanism of FXIII in promoting bone healing and explore the application of FXIII in combination with biomaterials in bone-targeted repair.