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Sensitive Electrochemical and Thermal Detection of Human Noroviruses Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles Generated against a Viral Target

材料科学 分子印迹聚合物 纳米颗粒 聚合物 纳米技术 分子印迹 诺如病毒 热的 化学工程 病毒学 有机化学 选择性 复合材料 病毒 催化作用 气象学 化学 工程类 物理 生物
作者
Sarbjeet Kaur,Pankaj Singla,Amy Dann,Jake McClements,Mark V. Sullivan,Minji Kim,Sloane Stoufer,James A. Dawson,Robert D. Crapnell,Craig E. Banks,Nicholas W. Turner,Matthew D. Moore,Inderpreet Kaur,Marloes Peeters
出处
期刊:ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:16 (38): 51397-51410 被引量:24
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsami.4c01942
摘要

Norovirus (NoV) is the predominant cause of foodborne illness globally; current detection methods are typically expensive, have inadequate sensitivities, and utilize biological receptors with poor stability. Therefore, accurate, cost-effective, and highly stable detection methods are needed to screen for NoV in foods. We developed molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) to detect NoV using a small target epitope (12 amino acids) with a solid-phase synthesis approach. The performance of three batches of nanoMIPs with varying monomer compositions (nanoMIP-1, -2, and -3) were compared both experimentally and computationally. Surface plasmon resonance examined nanoMIP binding affinity to norovirus virus-like particles (NoV-LPs), whereby nanoMIP-1 had the lowest KD value of 0.512 μM. This is significant, as traditional targets for generation of norovirus ligands previously reported were generated against drastically larger norovirus capsid segments that have limitations in ease of production. Further, an electrochemical sensor was developed by covalently attaching the nanoMIPs to glassy carbon electrodes. In agreement with our predictions from density functional theory simulations, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a sensitive response toward NoV-LPs for nanoMIP batches tested; however, nanoMIP-1 was optimal, with an excellent detection limit of 3.4 pg/mL (1.9 × 105 particles/mL). Due to its exceptional performance, nanoMIP-1 was immobilized to screen-printed electrodes and utilized within a thermal sensor, where it exhibited a low detection limit of 6.5 pg/mL (3.7 × 105 particles/mL). Crucially, we demonstrated that nanoMIP-1 could detect NoV in real food samples (romaine lettuce) by using electrochemical and thermal sensors. Consequently, the study highlights the exceptional potential of nanoMIPs to replace traditional biological materials (e.g., antibodies) as sensitive, versatile, and highly stable receptors within NoV sensors.
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