An appraisal of the Zulu antidiabetic medicinal plants

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Its conventional management involves diet modification, exercise, and majorly the use of synthetic drugs, which may be ineffective, have adverse effects, and of relatively expensive costs. To mitigate the downsides of the available treatments, alternative therapies from medicinal plants are commonly sought by different ethnic groups including the Zulus. This paper appraised the antidiabetic plants used by the Zulus, their local and botanical names, the parts commonly used, isolated bioactive principles and their reported mechanisms of action. 38 plants covering 20 families were identified with Asteraceae accounting for 31.57 % and the leaves was the most used plant part (50 %). Out of the 38 plants identified, 28 have been scientifically validated using in vitro/in vivo models but identifying the plant with the most potent hypoglycemic activity remains challenging due to variations in biological activities. Important antidiabetic agents such as quercetin, squalene, kaempferol, isomukaadial acetate, phytol, sitosterol, apigenin, catechin and their derivates have been isolated and characterized from the verified plants though, more scientific exploration is required to develop these principles into valuable antidiabetic medications with establish mechanism of action. Scientists therefore needs to beam their searchlight and dedicate resources to the rich botanicals of the Zulu land with the view to providing indigenous solutions that can be incorporated into modern medicine for diabetes management.