Dysregulated glycolysis underpins high-fat-associated endometrial decidualization impairment during early pregnancy in mice

Pregnancy complications are more likely to occur in obese women because of defective decidualization. However, the specific mechanism of glycolysis in decidual modulation associated with obesity remains unknown. Therefore, we explored the role of glycolysis in the endometrium of obese pregnant mice during decidualization. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. All obesity related parameters were significantly higher in the HFD mice than control. Furthermore, the HFD mice had fewer implantation sites, a smaller decidual area growth, and decreased decidualization marker protein expression than control. The HFD mice also had significantly decreased lactate production and glycolytic enzyme expression. To confirm the functional role of glycolysis during the decidual period in obese pregnant mice, we extracted endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and treated them with oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) to mimic a high-fat environment. Decidualization and glycolysis were significantly restricted in the OA-and PA-treated groups. Moreover, we administered a glycolytic inhibitor, 2-DG, and an agonist, pioglitazone. 2-DG treatment considerably decreased the cells' glycolysis and decidualization. However, pioglitazone treatment improved glycolysis and alleviated defective decidualization. In conclusion, obesity-induced endometrial glycolysis modifications and key glycolytic enzyme downregulation during early pregnancy might cause abnormal decidualization, leading to an unsustainable pregnancy.